JURISDICTION OVER FEDERAL AREAS WITHIN THE STATES REPORT OF THE INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF JURISDICTION OVER FEDERAL AREAS WITHIN THE STATES [NOTE: Each boxed area that follows represents a single text file. Within each box is the contents of that text file. The name of the text file is on the first line of the box. These names will appear on the list of files when you press Alt-L. The name of each file gives a clue as to the contents. For example, the first filename below is 1FJ1-3. This is "code" for Part I (1) on Federal Jurisdiction (FJ), chapters 1 through 3 (1-3).] 旼 Filename: 1FJ1-3 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � PART I � � � � The Facts and Committee Recommendations � � � � CONTENTS � � Page � � Committee and staff membership................................... II � � President's letter of approval................................... III � � Attorney General's letter of transmittal......................... IV � � Committee's letter of submission................................. VII � � Preface.......................................................... VII � � � � CHAPTER I � � � � Outline of study................................................. 1 � � � � CHAPTER II � � � � History and development of Federal legislative jurisdiction: � � � � Origin of article I, section 8, clause 17, of the Constitution. 7 � � Early practice concerning acquisition of legislative jurisdiction 7 � � Acquisition of exclusive jurisdiction made compulsory......... 8 � � State inroads upon acquisition of exclusive jurisdiction...... 9 � � Retrocession by the Federal Government........................ 10 � � Exclusive jurisdiction requirement terminated................. 10 � � Subsequent developments....................................... 10 � � � � CHAPTER III � � � � Definitions--Categories of legislative jurisdiction: � � � � Exclusive legislative jurisdiction.......................... 13 � � Concurrent legislative jurisdiction......................... 14 � � Partial legislative jurisdiction............................ 14 � � Proprietorial interest only................................. 14 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 1FJ4-6 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER IV � � Page � � Basic characteristic of the several categories of legislative � � jurisdiction: � � � � Effect of varying statuses.................................. 15 � � Exclusive legislative jurisdiction.......................... 15 � � Concurrent legislative jurisdiction......................... 19 � � Partial legislative jurisdiction............................ 20 � � Proprietorial interest only................................. 21 � � � � CHAPTER V � � � � Laws and problems of States related to legislative jurisdiction: � � � � Use of material from state sources.......................... 23 � � Provisions of State constitutions and statutes relating to � � jurisdiction........................................... 23 � � Expressions by State attorneys general respecting Federal � � exercise of jurisdiction............................... 24 � � Difficulty of determining jurisdictional status of Federal � � areas.................................................. 25 � � Taxing problems............................................. 26 � � Other problems.............................................. 27 � � Summary..................................................... 27 � � � � � � CHAPTER VI � � � � Jurisdictional preferences of Federal agencies: � � � � Basic groupings of jurisdictional preferences............... 33 � � Agencies preferring exclusive or partial jurisdiction....... 33 � � Agencies preferring concurrent jurisdiction................. 34 � � Agencies preferring a proprietorial interest only........... 34 � � Lands held in other than the preferred status............... 35 � � Difficulty of obtaining information concerning jurisdictional � � statue................................................. 36 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 1FJ7-8 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER VII � � � � Analysis of Federal agency preferences: Page � � � � A. General: Determinations concerning jurisdictional needs.. 39 � � B. Views of agencies desiring exclusive or partial jurisdiction: � � State interference with Federal functions.............. 39 � � Direct interference.................................... 40 � � Indirect interference.................................. 43 � � Security............................................... 46 � � Uniformity of administration........................... 48 � � Miscellaneous.......................................... 48 � � C. Problems connect with exclusive (and certain partial) � � jurisdiction: � � State services generally............................... 49 � � Fire protection........................................ 50 � � Refuse and garbage collection and similar services..... 51 � � Law enforcement........................................ 52 � � Notaries public and coroners........................... 53 � � Personal rights and privileges generally............... 53 � � Voting................................................. 54 � � Education.............................................. 55 � � Miscellaneous rights and privileges.................... 56 � � Benefits dependent on domicile......................... 57 � � D. Summary as to exclusive and partial jurisdiction......... 58 � � E. Views of agencies preferring concurrent jurisdiction � � Agencies preferring such jurisdiction.................. 59 � � Advantages and disadvantages........................... 60 � � General Services Administration........................ 60 � � Department of Health, Education, and Welfare........... 61 � � Department of the Navy................................. 61 � � Department of Justice (Bureau of Prisons).............. 62 � � Department of Commerce (Bureau of Public Roads)........ 62 � � Department of the Interior............................. 63 � � F. Views of agencies desiring a proprietorial interest only: � � Federal lands largely in proprietorial interest status. 64 � � Agencies preferring proprietorial interest............. 64 � � Characteristics of proprietorial interest status....... 65 � � Experience of Atomic Energy Commission................. 65 � � Experience of other agencies........................... 66 � � Summary as to proprietorial interest status............ 66 � � � � � � CHAPTER VIII � � � � Conclusions and recommendations: � � � � General observations........................................ 69 � � Principal Committee conclusions............................. 70 � � Requirement for adjustments in jurisdictional status........ 70 � � Retrocession of unnecessary Federal jurisdiction............ 71 � � Acceptance by States of relinquished jurisdiction........... 72 � � Rule-making and enforcement authority....................... 73 � � Jurisdiction of United states commissioners................. 75 � � Miscellaneous Federal legislation........................... 76 � � State legislation........................................... 76 � � Uniform State cession and acceptance statute................ 77 � � Summary..................................................... 79 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 1FJ-A 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � Appendix A � � � � Summary of Federal landholding agencies' data related to jurisdiction: � � Page � � Department of the Treasury.................................. 82 � � Department of Defense: � � a. Department of the Army.............................. 84 � � b. Department of the Navy.............................. 89 � � c. Department of the Air Force......................... 94 � � Department of Justice....................................... 96 � � Department of the Interior.................................. 98 � � Department of Agriculture................................... 101 � � Department of Commerce...................................... 103 � � Department of Health, Education, and Welfare................ 105 � � Atomic Energy Commission.................................... 107 � � Central Intelligence Agency................................. 108 � � Federal Communications Commission........................... 109 � � General Services Administration............................. 110 � � Housing and Home Finance Agency............................. 114 � � International Boundary and Water Commission, United States � � and Mexico................................................ 115 � � Tennessee Valley Authority.................................. 116 � � United States Information Agency............................ 117 � � Veterans' Administration.................................... 117 � � Miscellaneous agencies...................................... 120 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 1FJ-BA 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � Appendix B � � � � Texts of principal State and Federal constitutional provisions and � � statutes related to jurisdiction in effect as of December 31, 1955: � � � � � � Part A. Sate constitutional provisions and statutes [An � � analysis of State constitutional provisions and statutes in � � table form, together with notes which give more detailed � � explanations, has been prepared, and these are included on � � pp. 28-32 of part I of the Committee report.]: � � � � Alabama................................................ 127 � � Arizona................................................ 128 � � Arkansas............................................... 129 � � California............................................. 131 � � Colorado............................................... 135 � � Connecticut............................................ 136 � � Delaware............................................... 137 � � Florida................................................ 138 � � Georgia................................................ 140 � � Idaho.................................................. 142 � � Illinois............................................... 143 � � Indiana................................................ 144 � � Iowa................................................... 148 � � Kansas................................................. 149 � � Kentucky............................................... 151 � � Louisiana.............................................. 152 � � Maine.................................................. 152 � � Maryland............................................... 155 � � Massachusetts.......................................... 161 � � Michigan............................................... 162 � � Minnesota.............................................. 164 � � Mississippi............................................ 166 � � Missouri............................................... 170 � � Montana................................................ 171 � � Nebraska............................................... 173 � � Nevada................................................. 174 � � New Hampshire.......................................... 178 � � New Jersey............................................. 179 � � New Mexico............................................. 179 � � New York............................................... 181 � � North Carolina......................................... 186 � � North Dakota........................................... 189 � � Ohio................................................... 190 � � Oklahoma............................................... 191 � � Oregon................................................. 192 � � Pennsylvania........................................... 193 � � Rhode Island........................................... 194 � � South Carolina......................................... 196 � � South Dakota........................................... 200 � � Tennessee.............................................. 201 � � Texas.................................................. 204 � � Utah................................................... 210 � � Vermont................................................ 210 � � Virginia............................................... 211 � � Washington............................................. 218 � � West Virginia.......................................... 221 � � Wisconsin.............................................. 222 � � Wyoming................................................ 224 � � General statutes granting consent of States to purchase � � of lands under the Migratory Bird Conservation Act... 225 � � State statutes giving consent of States to purchase of � � lands under Weeks Forestry Act of March 1, 1911, as � � amended.............................................. 227 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 1FJ-BB 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � Page � � Texts of principal State and Federal constitutional provisions and � � statutes related to jurisdiction in effect as of December 31, 1955-- � � Continued � � � � Part B. Federal constitutional provisions as statutes of � � general effect relating to the acquisition and exercise of � � legislative jurisdiction by the United States: � � � � Constitution of the Unite States: Portions of article I, � � section 8, clause 17, and article IV, section 3, clause 2. 231 � � Statutes relating to the acquisition of legislative � � jurisdiction by the United States: � � Portion of the act of July 30, 1821: Assent to purchase � � of lands for forts, magazines, etc................... 231 � � Portion of the act of July 1, 1870: Jurisdiction of the � � United States over national cemeteries............... 231 � � Portion of the act of March 3, 1821: Necessity for ces- � � sion by States of jurisdiction over lighthouse sites. 232 � � Act of March 2, 1795: Sufficiency of cession with � � reservation of right to serve process................ 232 � � Portions of section 355 of the Revised Statutes, as � � amended: Procedure by which the United States obtains � � jurisdiction over acquired lands..................... 232 � � Statutes preserving jurisdiction of States over certain � � Federal areas and civil and political rights of � � inhabitants thereof: � � Portion of the act of August 21, 1935: States not to be � � deprived of jurisdiction over historic sites, etc.... 233 � � Portion of Weeks Forestry Act, as amended: States shall � � not lose jurisdiction over national forests.......... 234 � � Portion of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act: � � Jurisdiction of States over persons on acquired areas � � not affected......................................... 234 � � Portion of the Federal Power Act: Act not intended to � � interfere with State laws relating to water.......... 235 � � Portion of the act of June 29, 1936, as amended: Civil � � rights under local law preserved on low-cost or slum- � � clearance projects................................... 235 � � Portion of United States Housing Act of 1937, as � � amended: Acquisition of low-rent housing projects not � � to deprive States of jurisdiction or impair � � inhabitants' civil rights............................ 235 � � Portions of act of October 14, 1949, as amended: � � Acquisition of national defense housing not to � � deprive States of jurisdiction or impair States of � � jurisdiction or impair inhabitants' civil rights..... 236 � � Portions of Defense Housing and Community Facilities � � and Services Act of 1951: Acquisition of defense or � � military housing not to deprive States of � � jurisdiction or impair inhabitants' civil rights..... 237 � � Portions of the Reclamation Law: Act not intended to � � interfere with State laws relating to water.......... 237 � � Statutes extending certain State legislation to Federal areas: � � Lea Act (portion of act of July 30, 1947): Taxation of � � motor fuel sold on military or other reservations.... 238 � � Buck Act (portion of act of July 30, 1947): Sales or � � use taxes on Federal areas........................... 238 � � Portion of the Public Salary Tax Act of 1939: Consent � � of United States to State taxation of compensation of � � Federal employees.................................... 240 � � Act of July 17, 1952: Withholding of State income taxes � � of Federal employees by Federal agencies............. 240 � � Potion of the Immigration and Nationality Act: Juris- � � diction over criminal offenses occurring on immigrant � � stations extended to States and local officers....... 241 � � Portions of the act of August 5, 1947: Taxation by � � States of lessee's interest in Government property � � leased by the Secretaries of the Army or the Navy.... 241 � � Act of February 1, 1928: Application of State laws to � � action for death or personal injury within national � � parks, etc........................................... 242 � � Portions of the act of June 25, 1948, as amended, � � Assimilative Crimes Act: Laws of Sates adopted for � � areas within Federal jurisdiction.................... 242 � � Portions of the Internal Revenue Code: Federal � � instrumentalities and employees required to � � contribute to State unemployment fund................ 243 � � Act of June 25, 1936: State workmen's compensation laws � � extended to Federal buildings and works.............. 244 � � Portions of the act of October 14, 1940, as amended: � � National defense housing to conform in location and � � design to local tradition............................ 244 � � Portions of Defense Housing and Community Facilities � � and Services Act of 1951: Housing or community � � facilities shall conform to State and local health � � and sanitation laws and building codes............... 245 � � Portion of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act: Laws � � of adjacent State, except tax laws, declared to be � � Federal law for Continental Shelf.................... 246 � � Statutes granting easements, rights-of-way and roads over � � Federal lands and ceding jurisdiction: � � Act of May 31, 1947: Grant of easements over Federal � � lands by Administrator of Veterans' Affairs.......... 247 � � Act of May 9, 1941: Authority of Attorney General to � � grant easements...................................... 247 � � Portion of the War Department Civil Appropriation Act, � � 1942, as amended: Conveyance to State or municipality � � of approach road to national cemetery................ 247 � � Miscellaneous Federal statutes: � � Portion of the act of June 25, 1948, as amended: United � � States commissioners authorized to try persons � � charged with petty offenses.......................... 248 � � Portion of the act of June 1, 1948, as amended: � � Appointment of guards of General Services � � Administration as special policemen.................. 248 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ1-2 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � PART II � � � � A Text of the Law of Legislative Jurisdiction � � � � CONTENTS � � Page � � COMMITTEE AND STAFF MEMBERSHIP................................... II � � PRESIDENT'S LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................. IV � � ATTORNEY GENERAL'S LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL......................... V � � COMMITTEE'S LETTER OF SUBMISSION................................. VI � � PREFACE.......................................................... VII � � CASES CITED...................................................... XIX � � � � � � CHAPTER I � � � � OUTLINE OF LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION � � � � FEDERAL REAL PROPERTIES � � Holdings extensive............................................ 1 � � Activities thereon varied..................................... 1 � � Legal problems many........................................... 2 � � FEDERAL POSSESSION OF EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION � � By constitutional consent..................................... 2 � � By Federal reservation or State cession....................... 3 � � Governmental power merged in Federal Government............... 3 � � EXERCISE OF EXCLUSIVE FEDERAL JURISDICTION � � Legislative authority little exercised........................ 4 � � Exercise as to crimes......................................... 5 � � Exercise as to civil matters.................................. 5 � � RULE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW � � Extended by courts to provide civil law....................... 6 � � Problems arising under rule................................... 6 � � ACTION TO MITIGATE HARDSHIPS INCIDENT TO EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION � � By Federal-State arrangement.................................. 7 � � Federal efforts limited; State efforts restricted............. 7 � � By State statute or informal action, and State reservations... 8 � � RESERVATION OF JURISDICTION BY STATES � � Development of reservations................................... 8 � � Early requirement, of R.S. 355, for exclusive Federal � � jurisdiction................................................ 9 � � Present variety of jurisdictional situations.................. 10 � � JURISDICTIONAL STATUSES DEFINED � � Exclusive legislative jurisdiction............................ 10 � � Concurrent legislative jurisdiction........................... 11 � � Partial legislative jurisdiction.............................. 11 � � Proprietorial interest only................................... 11 � � OTHER FEDERAL RIGHTS IN FEDERALLY OWNED AREAS � � To carry out constitutional duties............................. 11 � � To made needful rules, and necessary and proper laws, and � � effect of Federal supremacy clause.......................... 12 � � GENERAL BOUNDARIES OF THE WORK................................... 13 � � � � � � CHAPTER II � � � � ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION � � � � ORIGIN OF ARTICLE I, SECTION 8, CLAUSE 17, OF THE CONSTITUTION � � Harassment of the Continental Congress......................... 15 � � Debates in Constitutional Convention concerning clause 17...... 18 � � Debates in State rafting conventions........................... 22 � � Federal legislation prior to 1885.............................. 28 � � Early court decisions.......................................... 37 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ3 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER III � � � � ACQUISITION OF LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION � � � � THREE METHODS FOR FEDERAL ACQUISITION OF JURISDICTION � � Constitutional consent......................................... 41 � � State cession.................................................. 42 � � Federal reservation............................................ 43 � � No Federal legislative jurisdiction without consent, � � cession, or reservation...................................... 45 � � NECESSITY OF STATE ASSENT TO TRANSFER OF JURISDICTION � � TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT � � Constitutional consent......................................... 46 � � State cession or Federal reservation........................... 47 � � NECESSITY OF FEDERAL ASSENT � � Express consent required by R.S. 355........................... 48 � � Former presumption of Federal acquiescence in absence of � � dissent...................................................... 49 � � Presumption in transfers by cession............................ 50 � � Presumption in transfers by constitutional consent............. 51 � � What constitutes dissent....................................... 53 � � NECESSITY OF STATE ASSENT TO RETRANSFER OF JURISDICTION TO STATE � � In general..................................................... 54 � � Exception...................................................... 56 � � DEVELOPMENT OF RESERVATIONS IN CONSENT AND CESSION STATUTES � � Former Federal requirement (R.S. 355) for exclusive � � jurisdiction................................................. 57 � � Earlier theory that no reservation by State possible........... 59 � � State authority to make reservation in cession statutes � � recognized................................................... 60 � � State authorized to make reservations in consent statutes � � recognized................................................... 62 � � Retention by Federal Government of less than exclusive jur- � � isdiction on admission of State.............................. 64 � � Non-interference with Federal use now sole limitation on � � reservations by States....................................... 64 � � Specific reservations approved................................. 65 � � LIMITATIONS ON AREAS OVER WHICH JURISDICTION MAY BE ACQUIRED BY � � CONSENT OF STATE UNDER CLAUSE 17 � � In general..................................................... 66 � � Area required to be "purchased" by Federal Government.......... 67 � � Term "needful Buildings" construed............................. 70 � � LIMITATIONS ON AREAS OVER WHICH JURISDICTION MAY BE ACQUIRED BY � � CESSION OF STATE � � Early view..................................................... 73 � � Present view................................................... 74 � � Specific purposes for which cessions approved.................. 78 � � LIMITATIONS ON AREAS OVER WHICH JURISDICTION MAY BE RETAINED BY � � FEDERAL RESERVATION......................................... 79 � � PROCEDURAL PROVISIONS IN STATE CONSENT OR CESSION STATUTES � � JUDICIAL NOTICE OF FEDERAL EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION � � Conflict of decisions.......................................... 80 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ4 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER IV � � � � TERMINATION OF LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION � � � � UNILATERAL RETROCESSION OR RECAPTURE OF JURISDICTION � � Retrocession................................................... 83 � � Recapture...................................................... 83 � � MEANS OF TERMINATION OF FEDERAL JURISDICTION � � In general..................................................... 84 � � FEDERAL STATUTORY RETROCESSION OF JURISDICTION � � In general..................................................... 84 � � Right to retrocede not early apparent.......................... 85 � � Right to retrocede established................................. 87 � � Constriction of retrocession statutes.......................... 88 � � SUMMARY OF RETROCESSION STATUTES � � Retrocession few............................................... 89 � � Statutes enact to afford civil rights to inhabitants of � � Federal enclaves............................................. 90 � � Statutes enacted to give State or local governments authority � � for policing highways........................................ 93 � � Miscellaneous statutes retroceding jurisdiction................ 95 � � REVERSION OF JURISDICTION UNDER TERMS OF STATE CESSION STATUTE � � In general..................................................... 96 � � Leading eases.................................................. 96 � � REVERSION OF JURISDICTION BY TERMINATION OF FEDERAL USE OF PROPERTY � � Doctrine announced............................................. 99 � � Discussion of doctrine......................................... 99 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ5 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER V � � � � CRIMINAL JURISDICTION � � � � RIGHT OF DEFINING AND PUNISHING FOR CRIMES � � Exclusive Federal jurisdiction................................. 105 � � Concurrent Federal and State criminal jurisdiction............. 109 � � Law enforcement on areas of exclusive or concurrent jur- � � isdiction................................................... 111 � � Partial jurisdiction........................................... 113 � � State criminal jurisdiction retained........................... 114 � � Acts committed partly in areas under State jurisdiction........ 115 � � Retrial on change in jurisdiction.............................. 116 � � SERVICE OF STATE CRIMINAL PROCESS � � In general..................................................... 116 � � Right by Federal grant......................................... 117 � � Right by State reservation..................................... 117 � � Reservations to serve process not inconsistent with exclusive � � jurisdiction................................................ 118 � � Warrant of arrest deemed process............................... 121 � � Arrest without warrant not deemed service of process........... 122 � � Coroner's inquest.............................................. 122 � � Writ of habeas corpus.......................................... 123 � � FEDERAL CRIMES ACT OF 1790 � � Effects limited................................................ 124 � � ASSIMILATIVE CRIMES STATUTES � � Assimilative Crimes Act of 1825................................ 126 � � Assimilative Crimes Act of 1866................................ 128 � � Re-enactments of Assimilative crimes Act, 1898-1940............ 128 � � Assimilative crimes Act of 1948................................ 131 � � INTERPRETATIONS OF ASSIMILATIVE CRIMES ACT � � Adopts State law............................................... 132 � � Operates only when offense is not otherwise defined............ 132 � � Includes common law Excludes status of limitations............. 134 � � Excludes law on sufficiency of indictments..................... 134 � � Offenses included.............................................. 135 � � Offenses no included........................................... 135 � � UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS ACT OF 1940.......................... 142 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ6 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER VI � � � � CIVIL JURISDICTION � � � � RIGHT OF DEFINING CIVIL LAW LODGED IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Page � � In general..................................................... 145 � � State reservations of authority................................ 147 � � Congressional exercise of right--statute relating to death � � or injury by wrongful act.................................... 148 � � Early apparent absence of civil law............................ 155 � � INTERNATIONAL LAW RULE � � Adopted for areas under Federal legislative jurisdiction....... 156 � � Federalizes State civil law, including common law.............. 158 � � Only laws existing at time of jurisdictional transfer feder- � � alized....................................................... 158 � � CIRCUMSTANCES WHEREIN FORMER STATE LAWS INOPERATIVE � � By action of the Federal Government............................ 159 � � Where activity by State officials required..................... 161 � � Inconsistency with Federal law................................. 163 � � INTERNATIONAL LAW RULE IN RETROCESSION OF CONCURRENT � � JURISDICTION................................................... 164 � � STATE AND FEDERAL VENUE DISCUSSED................................ 165 � � FEDERAL STATUTES AUTHORIZING OF STATE LAW........................ 167 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ7 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER VII � � � � RELATION OF STATES TO FEDERAL ENCLAVES � � � � EXCLUSIVE FEDERAL JURISDICTION � � State basically without authority.............................. 169 � � Exclusion of State authority illustrated....................... 169 � � Authority to tax excluded...................................... 177 � � Other authority excluded....................................... 180 � � Status of State and municipal services......................... 186 � � Service of process............................................. 187 � � STATE RESERVATIONS OF JURISDICTION � � In general..................................................... 188 � � Reservations construed......................................... 188 � � AUTHORITY OF THE STATES UNDER FEDERAL STATUTES � � In general..................................................... 190 � � Lea Act........................................................ 190 � � Buck Act....................................................... 192 � � Military Leasing Act of 1947................................... 203 � � Workmen's compensation......................................... 207 � � Unemployment compensation...................................... 211 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ8 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER VIII � � � � RESIDENTS OF FEDERAL ENCLAVES � � � � EFFECTS OF TRANSFERS OF LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION Page � � In general..................................................... 215 � � Education...................................................... 216 � � Voting and office holding...................................... 219 � � Divorce........................................................ 225 � � Probate and Lunacy proceedings generally....................... 230 � � Miscellaneous rights and privileges............................ 236 � � CONCEPTS AFFECTING STATUS OF RESIDENTS � � Doctrine of extraterritoriality................................ 238 � � Contrary view of extraterritoriality........................... 239 � � Theory of incompatibility...................................... 243 � � Weaknesses in incompatibility theory........................... 243 � � Former exclusivity of Federal jurisdiction..................... 244 � � Present lack of Federal jurisdiction........................... 244 � � Rejection of past concepts..................................... 245 � � Interpretations of federal grants of power as retrocession..... 245 � � Summary of contradictory theories on rights of residents....... 247 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ9 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � CHAPTER IX � � � � AREAS NOT UNDER LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION � � � � FEDERAL OPERATIONS FREE FROM INTERFERENCE � � In general..................................................... 249 � � Real property.................................................. 251 � � FREEDOM OF USE OF REAL PROPERTY ILLUSTRATED � � Taxation....................................................... 259 � � Special assessments............................................ 269 � � Condemnation of Federal land................................... 271 � � FEDERAL ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION OF REAL PROPERTY � � Acquisition.................................................... 272 � � Disposition.................................................... 273 � � PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND OPERATIONS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT � � Property....................................................... 272 � � Operations..................................................... 273 � � AGENCY RULES AND REGULATIONS..................................... 277 � � CONTROL OVER FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION................................ 280 � � Building codes and zoning...................................... 284 � � Contractor licensing........................................... 288 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: 2FJ10 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � CHAPTER X � � � � FEDERAL OPERATIONS NOT RELATED TO LAND � � � � STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO MOTOR VEHICLES Page � � Federally owned and operated vehicles.......................... 293 � � Vehicles operated under Federal contract....................... 299 � � STATE LICENSE, INSPECTION AND RECORDING REQUIREMENTS � � Licensing of Federal activities................................ 301 � � Applicability of inspection laws to Federal functions.......... 302 � � Recording requirements......................................... 304 � � APPLICABILITY OF STATE CRIMINAL LAWS TO FEDERAL EMPLOYEES AND � � FUNCTIONS � � Immunity of Federal employees.................................. 308 � � Obstruction of Federal functions............................... 311 � � Liability of employees acting beyond scope of employment....... 312 � � LIABILITY OF FEDERAL CONTRACTORS TO STATE TAXATION � � Original immunity of Federal contractors....................... 313 � � Later view of contractors' liability........................... 314 � � Immunity of Federal property in possession of a contractor..... 316 � � Economic burden of State taxation on the United States......... 318 � � Legislation exemption of Federal instrumentalities............. 319 � � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 旼 Filename: FJINDEX 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � INDEX............................................................ 323 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸